Clear, translucent, dark or coloured(window film, glass, black acrylic, brushed metal)

Lay an opaque white underlay before colour

✔ Keep at least one dedicated white row(any code that starts with W… or contains _+_WW)

White or very light (paper, white vinyl, foamed PVC)

No white needed; pure colour is fastest and cheapest

✖ Drop all white rows; pick codes without W

Top speed / lowest cost

Reduce dpi and split work over more rows so each nozzle fires slower

• Double-row colour (DA_CMYK-, DA_…, WW_CMYK)  • Add a 2nd white pair (WWWW) if opacity must stay high

Fine detail or tiny text

Keep 600 × 1200 dpi or add light colours (Lc/Lm)

• Keep to single-row colour (CMYK-, CMYKLcLm-) • Use a single white row at the same dpi (WW_CMYK)

High-opacity in one hit

Two white banks fire in parallel

• Prefix WW or suffix _WW, _+_WWWW

Scratch/chemical resistance

Print and cure a clear varnish immediately

• Group 6 “white ▸ colour ▸ varnish” codes (e.g. TA_+_CMYKVVWW)

Special effects / primers

Run primer or varnish in its own row

• Group 8 “special modes” (TA_+_CMYKPPWW, TA_+_VVVVVV…)

1 row (compact)

Any single row code (CMYK-, CMYKLcLm-)

2 rows

Double-row codes: DA_… or WW_CMYK…

3 rows

Triple-row codes: TA_… sandwich modes

>3 rows

Mix & match: add varnish or dual white without slowing colour

Colour (CMYK, Lc, Lm, OZ)

6–10 kHz → 70–90 m min at 600 × 600 dpi

White (TiO₂-loaded)

4–5 kHz → about half that speed unless you double nozzle count

Varnish / Primer

8–12 kHz (small drops) → rarely the bottleneck

Fast banner run on white PVC

DA_CMYK- (double-row colour, no white)

Window cling on clear PET

WW_CMYK_WW or WW_CMYK (dedicated double white + colour)

High-opacity one-pass on black ACM

TA_+_CMYK_WWWW (triple-row, four whites on top)

Luxury label with tactile varnish

TA_+_CMYKLcLmVVVVVVWWWWCMYKLcLm (white–colour–varnish sandwich)

Budget corrugate, limited to one head row

CMYK-

A

White and colour in the same row

CMYKWW-, CMYKLcLmWW-, CMYKOZWW-, CMYKVW-

One 8-slot row carries both CMYK and 1 – 2 white pairs.

Entry-level machines; saves hardware slots.

Slowest: colour nozzles must wait for huge white duty-cycle.

B1

Single dedicated white row in front of colour

WW_CMYK, DA_+_CMYKWW-, DA_CMYK_+_WW-

Row 1 floods white, Row 2+3 lay colour.

Any transparent / dark media with normalopacity demand.

Carriage speed capped by one white row (usually ≈½ pure-colour speed).

B2

Same but double nozzle bank in that white row(W1 W2 W3 W4)

WW_CMYK_WWWW, DA_+_CMYKWWWW-, TA_+_CMYK_WWWW

Still one row, but twice the nozzles— they print even & odd pixels in parallel.

When customers insist on one-pass high-opacity yet want higher throughput.

+35 – 45 % faster than B1; still one row, so still the bottleneck.

C

Two distinct white rows (Row 1 and Row 2)

TA_+_CMYK_+_2x2W, TA_+_LcLmCMYK_+_2x2W

First two rows are all-white (even / odd split), third row colour.

Very opaque window graphics, day/night back-lits.

Each row runs at lower dpi (e.g. 600×600) → linear speed ~×1.7 over B1.

D

White in the middle – colour / white / colour “sandwich”

TA_+_CMYK_WW_CMYK, TA_+_CMYK_WWWW_CMYK, TA_+_CMYKLcLm_WW_CMYKLcLm

Row 1 colour, Row 2 white, Row 3 colour.

Industrial décor on clear film viewed from bothsides; protects white inside the stack.

Speed set by the singlewhite row (as in B1).

E

White as last row (over-print)

TA_+_CMYK_WWWW (colour, colour, white)

Adds a highlight or protective white key on top of colour.

Labels needing a scuff-resistant white spot, or metallic stock where white mask must sit on top.

Like D; still white-limited.

F

White, then colour, then varnish

Group 6 codes (e.g. TA_+_CMYKVVWW-, TA_+_CMYKLcLmVVVVVVWWWWCMYKLcLm)

Row 1 white, Row 2 colour, Row 3 varnish.

High-end packaging: opaque graphic plus immediate gloss/texture cure.

Same white limit; varnish fires fast so does not throttle line.

G

Colour-only (no white)

CMYK-, DA_CMYK-, TA_CMYK-, etc.

Nothing but colour rows.

Printing on white/opaque stock; fastest possible.

True double-/triple-row speed because no white bottleneck.

Extra W heads in one row (W1 W2 → W1 W2 W3 W4)

Doubles active nozzles but keeps firing zone short.

• Retrofit without moving mechanics.• Better opacity or same opacity at ~1.4 × speed.

• Row still dictates carriage speed.• Pigment loading still stresses ink-delivery & mist extraction.

A second row of white

Adds another pass 50–100 mm downstream.

• Linear speed almost doubles (each row now prints 600 × 600 instead of 600 × 1200).• Lower drop frequency → cooler heads, longer life.

• Extra hardware slot & cost.• Longer print bar means larger footprint or slower media acceleration out of station.

First (under-print)

White hits substrate, colour lands on fresh white.

✓ Best colour vibrancy on dark/clear media.✓ Simplest RIP (single composite white mask).

• Longer cure: white has to pin before colour drops.• White limits speed.

Middle (sandwich)

Colour 1 ▼ • White ▼ • Colour 2

✓ Both sides of clear sheet show colour (back-lit).✓ White protected from scuff & yellowing.

• Adds a whole row yet still bottlenecked.• RIP must output three separations (C-W-C).

Last (over-print)

Colour ▼ • White

✓ White highlight/mask on metallic or textured stock.✓ Protects colour from abrasion.

• Over-print white must be perfectly registered; any stretch shows halo.• Some substrates don’t like heavy ink on top (cracking).